In 1896, the Austrian government permitted women to take matriculation examinations. Elise Richter, 31 years old, was one of the first to take advantage of the new law. She went on to earn a doctorate from the University of Vienna, which appointed her associate professor twenty years later, making her the only woman to hold an academic position at an Austrian university before World War I.

Institution: Gidal-Bildarchiv im Salomon Ludwig Steinheim-Bildarchiv für deutsch-jüdische Geshichte e.g., Duisberg